The History of the Noble Quran

 

The Quran is the backbone of Islam. On this Sacred Book of Allah depends the Islamic call, state, society and the civilisation of the Muslim world. It is the last Divine revelation, which was sent down to Prophet Muhammad  the last and final of all Prophets, may Allah exalt their mention. His  task was to convey the message of worshipping the One God, Allah, without ascribing any partners to Him. The Noble Quran, which is the source of guidance and mercy to mankind, is divided into one hundred and fourteen (114) Soorahs (chapters) of varying lengths. Ninety-three chapters were revealed in Makkah, while the remaining twenty-one were revealed in Madeenah.

The first revelation that the Prophet  received was Soorat Al-'Alaq, which was in Makkah where Soorat An-Najm was to later became the first to be recited openly to the people. In Madeenah, Soorat Al-Mutaffifeen was the first one revealed after the Hijrah (migration). The Prophet  had to move to Madeenah to save his own life and the lives of his followers, upon the command of Allah.

The last verse sent down to the Prophet  was the saying of Allah which means: {…This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favour upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion...} [Quran 5:3]

Some chapters in the Quran focus on the call to Islam as guidance for humanity. They focus upon monotheism and the fight against polytheism and idolatry. Thus, stress is laid on all that is related to faith. In other chapters, attention is given to legislation, acts of worship, relationships among people and the laws that regulate matters within the Muslim community, government, and family.

A number of chapters inform about Resurrection, the Hereafter and the unseen; others relate the stories of various prophets and their calls to their people to return to Allah. We see how the previous nations were severely punished when they disobeyed Allah and denied the messages of previous prophets, may Allah exalt their mention.

In addition, several chapters focus on the story of creation and the development of human life. In fact, Makkan revelations made the Muslims' faith in Allah firmly established. On the other hand, Madeenan revelations were meant to translate the faith into action and give details of the Divine Law.

Allah will forever preserve the Quran against all attempts to destroy or corrupt it. Being guarded by Allah, it will always remain pure. There does not exist a single copy with any variation from the recognised text.

All attempt of alteration has resulted in failure.

Upon the command of the Prophet  his  Companions  would write down what was revealed of the Noble Quran. They used, for this purpose, palm branches stripped of leaves, parchments, shoulder bones, stone tablets, etc. About forty people were involved in this task. Among them was Zayd Ibn Thabit  who showed his work to the Prophet . Thus, the Quran was correctly arranged during the Prophet’s  life, but it was not yet compiled into one book. In the meantime, most of the Prophet’s  Companions  memorised the Quran.

When Abu Bakr  became Caliph after the Prophet  died, a large number of the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, were killed during the War of Apostasy. 'Umar Ibn Al-Khattab  went to the Caliph and discussed the idea of compiling the Quran into one volume. He was disturbed, as most of those who memorised it had died. Then, Abu Bakr  called for Zayd, Ibn Thabit  and commissioned him to collect the Quran into one book, which became known as the ‘Mus-haf.’

After Zayd Ibn Thabit  accomplished this great task and organized the Quran into one book, he submitted the precious collection to Abu Bakr  who kept it in his possession until the end of his life. During the caliphate of ‘Umar  it was kept with his daughter Hafsah  who was also a wife of the Prophet .

During the Caliphate of ‘Uthman  Islam reached many countries, and readers began to recite the Quran in different ways (dialects). ‘Uthman  then had various copies made and sent them out to the different Muslim lands, lest these dialects would cause alterations to the Quran, and kept the original copy with Hafsah . Thus, the Quran remained preserved and the Caliph was very much pleased with his achievement.

Today, every copy of the Quran conforms with the standard copy of ‘Uthman . In fact, Muslims over the ages excelled in producing the best manuscripts of the Noble Quran in the most wonderful handwriting. With the introduction of printing, more and more editions of the Noble Quran became available all over the world. - islamweb.net