QUESTION :
I did Itiqaaf some years back with the intension for last 10 days but could not complete due to menstruation on 27th of Ramadan, I checked in an Islamic book (Bahishti Zewar) where it was mentioned that my Itiqaaf is complete. After some years I checked with a Mufti he told me that book is unauthentic stop referring & that I have to complete the rest of the days. I did Itiqaaf in a room at home, later i came to know it has to be done in Masjid only? Now shall I have to do in a Masjid starting again for 10 days. Your urgent reply will be highly appreciated Shaikh.
ANSWER :
Praise be to Allah
Firstly:
The scholars are unanimously agreed that for a man, i‘tikaaf is not valid unless it is done in the mosque, because Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning): “And do not have sexual relations with them (your wives) while you are in I‘tikaf (i.e. confining oneself in a mosque for prayers and invocations leaving the worldly activities) in the mosques” [al-Baqarah 2:187]. So i‘tikaaf is to be done specifically in the mosques. See: al-Mughni by Ibn Qudaamah (3/189).
The majority of scholars are of the view that women are the same as men in this regard; so a woman’s i‘tikaaf is not valid unless it is done in the mosque, and it is not valid if done in the prayer-place of her house.
Secondly:
I‘tikaaf in the last ten days of Ramadan is Sunnah and mustahabb for men, and also for women if there is no danger of fitnah and there is a place that is only for women, and so long as it will not keep her away from her obligatory work, and it is done with the permission of her husband.
Thirdly:
The basic principle concerning i‘tikaaf is that it is Sunnah, not obligatory, and that it is not obligatory unless it is in fulfilment of a vow. If a person has made a vow to observe i‘tikaaf, then it is obligatory to fulfil it, because the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever vows to do an act of obedience to Allah, let him obey Him, and whoever vows to do an act of disobedience to Allah, let him not disobey Him.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari (6696).
And ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said: O Messenger of Allaah, during the Jaahiliyyah I vowed that I would spend a night in i‘tikaaf in al-Masjid al-Haraam. He said: “Fulfil your vow.”Narrated by al-Bukhaari (6697) and Muslim (1656).
Ibn al-Mundhir said in his book al-Ijmaa‘ (p. 53): They are unanimously agreed that i‘tikaaf is Sunnah and is not obligatory upon people, unless a person has committed himself to it by way of a vow, in which case it is obligatory for him. End quote.
Fourthly:
If a woman observes i‘tikaaf in the mosque, then gets her menses, she must leave the mosque – according to scholarly consensus – but what she has already done of i‘tikaaf is not rendered invalid by her menses, according to the majority of scholars.
Then she should go back home, and when she becomes pure, if her i‘tikaaf was obligatory, because of a vow, she must go back to the mosque and complete her i‘tikaaf, continuing from where she left off and making up what she missed; and she is not required to offer expiation.
But if it was a Sunnah i‘tikaaf, she does not have to go back to the mosque or make up this i‘tikaaf later on.
Imam Maalik said concerning women: If a woman does i‘tikaaf, then gets her menses whilst she is in i‘tikaaf, she should go back home, then when she becomes pure, she may go back to the mosque at whatever time she becomes pure, and continue her i‘tikaaf from where she left off. Al-Muwatta’ (1/316).
Shaykh Ibn Jibreen said: If she does i‘tikaaf, then gets her menses, she must leave the mosque until she becomes pure, then go back after she has purified herself.
If the time of i‘tikaaf ends before she has becomes pure from menses or nifaas (post-partum bleeding), she must make it up if her i‘tikaaf was obligatory in fulfilment of a vow, but it is waived if it was voluntary, because the time for it has now ended.
Hiwaar fi’l- i‘tikaaf, published on his website:
See also: al-Mughni (3/206); Sharh al-‘Umdah by Ibn Taymiyah (2/829 – as-Siyaam)
Conclusion:
If your i‘tikaaf was voluntary – as appears to be the case – then whatever was done before your menses is valid. As for what remains after your menses began, you do not have to go back to the mosque to complete it. But if your i‘tikaaf was obligatory (in fulfilment of a vow), then it is essential to know the wording of the vow in order to determine whether you have to complete it or not?
Fifthly:
We have not come across the book Behishti Zewar by Shaykh Ashraf ‘Ali at-Tahaanawi – who was one of the leading reforming scholars of his era in the Indian Subcontinent. His book is according to the Hanafi madhhab, and the words of any person may be accepted or rejected except the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him). But we should not hasten to issue a verdict on any book before reading it carefully.
And Allah knows best.
-islamqa.info
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