Islam

Islam

Friday, 29 November 2019

Hope – the Most Sublime Rank for the Followers


In this article, we will talk about hoping for Allah's mercy. The believers’ relationship with their Lord is characterized both by fear and hope, such that the former deters them from sins and disobedience, whereas the latter drives them towards good deeds.
Ibn Al-Qayyim  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  him said:
“Hoping for the reward of Allah is one of the most supreme and honorable ranks of one who pursues the right path. Allah The Almighty praises those [who do that], when He Says (what means): {There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent pattern for anyone whose hope is in Allah and the Last Day and [who] remembers Allah often.} [Quran 33:21] It was also narrated in a Hadeeth Qudsi, that Allah The Almighty Says: ‘O son of Adam, If you supplicate to Me, expecting My forgiveness, I will forgive you however great or many your sins may be.’ When a person has hope, it means that he or she is bound and attached to these names of his or her Lord: “The Benevolent, The Beneficent”. The more one knows Allah The Almighty, His names, attributes and the dominance of His mercy over His wrath, the more his or her hope increases [in Him]. Had it not been for hope, the servitude of the heart and organs [to Allah] would have ceased, and monasteries, churches, synagogues and mosques, where the name of Allah is frequently mentioned, would have been demolished. If not for the spirit of hope, [our] limbs would not have performed acts of obedience, and neither would the ships of good deeds have sailed in the seas of will without its pleasant breeze.”
Similarly, the Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) said: “If a believer [truly] knew of the punishment of Allah, no one would expect His Paradise. Equally, were a disbeliever to know of the [actual] mercy of Allah, none would despair of His Paradise.” ‘Abdullah ibn Mas‘ood, may Allah be pleased with him, remarked, “The most encouraging verse in the Quran is in the Chapter Az-Zumar (The Groups); Allah The Almighty Says (what means), {Say, "O My servants who have transgressed against themselves [by sinning], do not despair of the mercy of Allah. Indeed, Allah forgives all sins. Indeed, it is He who is the Forgiving, the Merciful."} [Quran 39:53]”
One of those who visited Maalik ibn Anas  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  him during the night in which he died, asked him, “O Abu ‘Abdullah, how do you find yourself?” He  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  him answered, “I do not know what to say to you except that you will soon see [aspects] of the clemency of Allah that you have never expected.”
Glory be to Allah The Almighty! If those who turn away from Him only know how He waits for their return and how Merciful He is to them, they will long for Him enormously. Indeed, if this is His will towards such people, how will He be to those who draw near to Him? ‘Abdullah ibn Al-Mubaarak approached Sufyaan Ath-Thawri  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  them both, on the night of [standing in] ‘Arafah, and found him kneeling [in prayer], as his eyes overflowed with tears; he asked, “Who is the worst person in this gathering [in the plains of ‘Arafah]?’ Sufyaan Ath-Thawri  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  him replied: “Whoever thinks that Allah will not forgive their sins [i.e., of the people who are present].’”
On a similar night, Al-Fudhayl ibn ‘Iyaadh  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  him observed people’s glorification [of Allah The Almighty] and their crying, so he asked those around him: “If those people went to a man and requested one-sixth of a dirham from him, would he let them return empty-handed?” When they replied in the negative, he commented: “By Allah, pardoning is easier for Allah than [that].” Therefore, I implore Allah The Almighty, seeking His forgiveness, knowing fully that He absolves and forgives; even if people’s sins are great, they are minor in comparison to His mercy.
Hence, a slave should have much hope in Him, especially when he or she is on the verge of death. Allah The Almighty Says, as narrated in a Hadeeth: “I am [to him or her] as My slave thinks of Me.” That is why, perhaps, when Waathilah ibn Al-Asqa’, may Allah be pleased with him, went to see Yazeed ibn Al-Aswad  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  him as he lay dying, he asked him, “What is your expectation about Allah?” The latter replied: “My sins have brought me to the brink of ruin, but I hope for the mercy of Allah.” So, Waathilah, may Allah be pleased with him, [happily] exclaimed “Allah is The Greatest”, and then said, “I heard the Messenger of Allah  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) say: ‘Allah The Almighty Says: ‘I am as My slave thinks of Me, so let him think of Me what he wants’.’” For the same reason, when Sulaymaan At-Taymi  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  him was dying, he instructed his son: “O Mu‘tamir, talk to me about exemptions [in Islam], so that I may meet Allah while having good expectations of Him.
Hope prompts one to do good deeds
It is witnessed as a reality in life that many neglect good deeds and dare to commit evil and sins, claiming that they trust in the mercy and forgiveness of Allah The Almighty. Undoubtedly, this is a misunderstanding of the true meaning of hope. The words of Al-Hasan Al-Basri  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  him are applicable to such people mentioned above; he says: “There are people whose confidence in forgiveness diverts them from doing what is moral, so much so that they die with no virtues. They proclaim: ‘we have good expectation of Allah’. Surely, they are liars, for if they had hope [in Him], they would have done good [to support their claim].”
Allah The Almighty is indeed the most Forgiving, Ever Merciful; however, I would like to draw your attention, dear reader, to the subtle meaning embedded in the verse (which means): {Indeed, those who have believed and those who have emigrated and fought in the cause of Allah - those expect the mercy of Allah. And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.} [Quran 2:218]. Contemplate how this verse alludes to these people hoping for the mercy of Allah The Almighty alongside doing those great noble deeds.
Dear Muslim, let us, then, do good and repent from our sins and evil which we have committed. Let us repeat the words of Mahmood Al-Warraaq  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  him: “O Allah, I have much hope in Your forgiveness and You [alone] manage my affairs. I have concealed my secrets from my relatives and others; You are the only One to Whom I disclose them as I am confident that You will veil them. O Allah! Do not fail me on the Day of Resurrection when all hidden matters will be exposed. O Allah, do not reveal my secrets before people; Your protection will provide me with an argument [for my forgiveness], even though I have no basis for contention or a real excuse.” - islamweb.net

Monday, 25 November 2019

CHAPTER 44, AD-DUKHAN (THE SMOKE)

Introduction

Chapter 44.pngThis chapter was revealed in Mecca; and all Meccan chapters discuss or describe the fundamentals of faith.  The title, The Smoke, is derived from verse ten in which a smoke-filled day is depicted.  The majority of scholars believe that this refers to a sign of the Day of Judgment.  Its fifty-nine verses highlight the mercy of the Quran and address the stubbornness of the powerful and wealthy oppressors among the Meccan elite.  It compares them to the people of Pharaoh and the people of Tubba.  We are told that the righteous will enjoy the bliss of Paradise while the oppressors, and those who considered themselves mighty in this world, will find torment waiting for them in Hell.

Verses 1 – 16 God warns us about the smoke

Chapters 40 to 46 of the Quran begin with the Arabic letters Ha and Mim.  The placement of Arabic letters at the beginning of a chapter is a narrative device used in a total of 28 chapters of the Quran.  The reason for this is the subject of much scholarly debate, yet the precise answer is known only to God.  When we read these letters, we usually find that something about the Quran is mentioned directly after them.   
God tells us that the Quran is a scripture that makes things clear.  God sent the Quran down to humankind on a blessed night, the Night of Decree, that occurs in the last part of the month of Ramadan.  This is the night in which God uses His Wisdom and Knowledge to decide every matter.  God has always sent messages, and this Quran is another message. 
God hears and knows everything.  He is the Lord of the heavens and the earth, therefore pay attention to this if you consider yourself to be a true believer.  There is no deity but He, the One who controls life and death.  He is your Lord and the Lord of all your ancestors.  Some people are in doubt and amuse themselves, but they should be watchful for the day that is filled with smoke. 
The smoke will envelop the people causing them to cry out that it is a terrible torment.  Then they will beg their Lord to remove the punishment at the same time declaring their belief.  How will this sudden faith help them? They were sent a prophet, but they belied him and called him mad.  God will hold back the torment, but indeed the disbelievers will slip back into disbelief.  The Day will come when they will be seized and assaulted.   God will then exact retribution.

Verses 17 – 33 The people of Moses

God explains that the people of Pharaoh were also tested.  He sent the messenger Moses to them.  Moses asked that the believers be set free from bondage.  He also explained that he was a trustworthy messenger from God.   He asked the people of Pharaoh not to be haughty then sought refuge with God from any harm they might cause him.  They became aggressive even though Moses asked them to leave him alone, so he supplicated to God requesting that he be rescued from the people of Pharaoh, who were indeed criminals and evildoers. 
God answered his supplication and advised Moses to organize the Children of Israel and enable them to slip away from their tormentors under the cover of night.  They were pursued, however, the Red Sea parted for them.   When Pharaoh’s people entered the divided sea, it closed over them, and they drowned.  Nothing in the heavens or the earth wept for them.   The people of Pharaoh left behind gardens and springs, cornfields and buildings, and many other things that delighted them.  God ordained that it all be inherited by another people.  The Children of Israel were chosen above all others, even though God was aware of their weaknesses, and they were given revelations that contained clear tests.

Verses 34 – 42 The people of Tubba

The elite of Mecca said that they would not be resurrected after death and asked that God return their forefathers if the resurrection was in fact true.  God responds by asking if they imagined that they were better than the people of Tubba and those before them? (Tubba was an honorific title used by the kings of Yemen for several generations.) The disbelievers of Makkah have not been able to attain the prosperity and splendor that these people attained, yet because of their moral degeneration they were destroyed, and their worldly splendor could not save them.  God was not playing a pointless game when He created the heavens and the earth.  They were created for a purpose, but most people fail to understand this.  The Day of Judgment is the appointed time for them all.  It is a day when relations and friends cannot help one another.  The only ones helped will be those to whom God shows Mercy.

Verses 43 – 59 Contrasting Paradise and Hell

The food for the sinners will be from the tree of Zaqqum.  It is like murky oil that churns inside their bellies, like the boiling of hot water.  One will be seized and dragged into the middle of the Hellfire, where scalding water will be poured over his head.  Here he will be taunted and told that this is all the honor he gets in the Afterlife because he claimed that he was honored upon the earth. 
This is the place they argued about; however, in contrast, the righteous will be in a secure place surrounded by gardens and springs.  They will be wearing fine silk and brocade garments and have spouses with large beautiful eyes.  They will be secure and content, requesting all kinds of fruit.  They will only suffer one death and will be eternally protected from the Hellfire.  This is a great bounty from God.  The Quran has been made easy to recite and remember.  It has been revealed in the language of Prophet Muhammad, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, to facilitate this.  Wait, God tells Prophet Muhammad, for God is also waiting. - islamreligion.com

Saturday, 23 November 2019

7 REASONS WHY GOD IS WORTHY OF WORSHIP (PART 6 OF 6)

# 7 Obeying God is the most rational thing to do

"And obey God and the Prophet[1] so that you may be given mercy." (Quran 3:132)
7-Reasons-Why-God-is-Worthy-of-Worship-part-6.jpgWhen I travel by plane, I usually hear the pilot announce—via the inflight audio system—to fasten our seat belts due to oncoming turbulence.  My typical response involves sitting down, fastening my belt and hoping (and praying) for the best.  The reason I obey the pilot’s command is that I understand he is the authority concerning the plane, how it works and the effects of turbulence.  My obedience is a result of using my rational faculties.  Only an arrogant person would disobey a valid authority.  Would any of us take seriously a seven-year-old telling us that our maths professor does not know how to teach calculus?
In a similar light, disobeying God is foolish and unfounded.  Obeying God, even if we do not know the full wisdom behind some of His commands, is the most rational thing to do.  God’s commands are based on His boundless knowledge and wisdom.  He is the ultimate authority.  To deny this authority is like a two-year-old child scribbling on a piece of paper and claiming that he is more eloquent than Shakespeare.  (Actually, it is worse.)
This does not mean that we suspend our minds when obeying God.  We are told by God Himself to use our reason.  However, once we have established what God has said, then that should result in obedience.
Obeying God entails that one should fear Him.  A believer should fear God if he wants to be in a state of servitude and obedience.  This fear, however, is not the type of fear that is associated with being scared of an enemy or an evil force.  God wants good for us.  Rather, this fear is associated with skin-shivering awe, loss, love and unhappiness.  We fear God from the perspective of fearing losing His love and good pleasure.[2] (To explore more about this concept of fear please read here.)
The reasons I have provided above may raise some questions.  These include: Does God need our worship? Why did He create us to worship Him? These questions have already been addressed here.  To summarise, God is independent and everything depends on Him.  He does not need anything.  Worshipping God is for us, not for Him.  Also, God creating us to worship Him was inevitable.  His perfect names and attributes were going to manifest themselves.  An artist inevitably produces art work because he has the attribute of being artistic.  By greater reason, God would inevitably create us to worship Him because He is the One worthy of worship.  This inevitability is not based on need but rather a manifestation of God’s names and attributes.

A Note on the Essence of Worship

In the Islamic tradition, a key act of worship is supplication (known as dua in Islamic theology).  The Prophet Muhammad, may God’s peace and blessings be upon him, taught that supplication is "the essence of worship"[3].  Supplications are to God alone, because only He can help us when we ask for help for something that we need or want.  Supplicating to anything other than God is an act of polytheism, because the person is asking for something from an entity that does not have the ability to provide or fulfil that request.  For example, if someone were to ask a stone idol to grant them twin girls, it would be an act of polytheism because they are supplicating to an entity that has no power to fulfil that request.  This does not mean, however, that asking someone who has the ability to assist you for help is polytheism.  It would only be polytheism if one were to believe that God was not the ultimate creator of their ability to help you.  Supplicating to God is part of making our worship pure, and the way we supplicate to Him should be with humility.  God says: "Invoke your Lord with humility" (Quran 7:55) and "So invoke God making your worship pure for Him." (Quran 40:1)

The free slave 

From an existential perspective, worshipping God is true liberation.  If worship entails loving and obeying God the most, then in reality many of us also have other gods in our lives.  Many of us want to love and obey our own egos and desires the most.  We think we are always right, we never want to be wrong, and we always want to impose ourselves on others.  From this perspective, we are enslaved to ourselves.  The Quran points out such a debased spiritual state and describes the one who considers his desires, passions and whims as his god, to be worse than an animal: "Think of the man who has taken his own passion as a god: are you to be his guardian? Do you think that most of them hear or understand? They are just like cattle—no, they are further from the path." (Quran 25:43 & 44)
From self-worship, sometimes we move to worship various forms of social pressures, ideas, norms and cultures.  They become our point of reference, we start to love them, want to know more about them, and are led to ‘obey’ them.  Examples abound; take, for instance, materialism.  We have become preoccupied with money and material belongings.  Obviously, to want money and possessions is not necessarily a bad thing, but we have allowed our pursuit to define who we are.  Our time and efforts are devoted to the accumulation of wealth, making the false notion of material success the primary focus in our lives.  From this perspective, material things start to control us, and lead us to serve the culture of avid materialism rather than serving God.  I appreciate that this does not apply to everyone, but this form of excessive materialism is very common.
Essentially, if we are not worshipping God, we are still worshipping something else.  This can be our own egos and desires, or ephemeral things like material possessions.  In the Islamic tradition, worshipping God defines who we are, as it is part of our nature.  If we forget God, and start to worship things that are not worthy of worship, we will slowly forget our own selves: "And be not like those who forgot God, so He made them forget themselves." (Quran 59:19)
Our understanding of who we are is dependent on our relationship with God, which is shaped by our servitude and worship.  In this sense, when we worship God we are freed from submission to other ‘gods’, whether ourselves or things that we own or desire.
The Quran presents us with a profound analogy: "God puts forward this illustration: can a man who has for his masters several partners at odds with each other be considered equal to a man devoted wholly to one master? All praise belongs to God, though most of them do not know." (Quran 39:29)
God is essentially telling us that if we do not worship God, we end up worshipping something else.  These things enslave us and they become our masters.  The Quranic analogy is teaching us that without God, we have many ‘masters’ and they all want something from us.  They are all ‘at odds with each other’, and we end up in a state of misery, confusion and unhappiness.  However, God, who knows everything, including our own selves, and who has more mercy than anyone else, is telling us that He is our master, and that only by worshipping Him alone will we truly free ourselves from the shackles of the things we have taken as replacements for Him.
To conclude this essay, lovingly worshipping God and peacefully submitting to Him frees you from the degraded worship of the ephemeral world and the lustful submission to the carnal and egotistical realities of the human condition.  The following lines of poetry by the Poet of the East, Muhammad Iqbal, eloquently summarises this point:
"This one prostration which you deem too exacting liberates you from a thousand prostrations."[4]
Last updated 23 June 2019.  Adapted from my book "The Divine Reality: God, Islam & The Mirage of Atheism".  -islamreligion.com
FOOTNOTES:
[1]Obedience to the Prophet Muhammad, may God’s peace and blessings be upon him, as a result of obeying God, as He commands us to do so
[2]Al-Ghazali.  (2011) Al-Ghazali on Love, Longing, Intimacy & Contentment, pp.  120-121.
[3]Narrated by Saheeh Al-Bukhari.
[4]Cited in Riffat, H. (1968) The Main Philosophical Idea in the Writings of Muhammad Iqbal (1877 – 1938).  Durham theses, Durham University.  Available at: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7986/2/7986_4984-vol2.PDF?UkUDh:CyT [Accessed 6th October 2016].








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Wednesday, 20 November 2019

7 REASONS WHY GOD IS WORTHY OF WORSHIP (PART 5 OF 6)

Special Mercy
7-Reasons-Why-God-is-Worthy-of-Worship-part-5.jpgConnected to Ar-Rahmaan is Ar-Raheem.  These names share the same root as the previous, which comes from the Arabic word for womb.  The difference in meaning however is significant.  Ar-Raheem refers to a special mercy for those who want to embrace it.  Whoever chooses to accept God’s guidance has essentially accepted His special mercy.  This special mercy is for the believers and it is manifested in paradise; unending, blissful peace with God.
Special Love
According to the Quran, God is The-Loving.  The Arabic name is Al-Wadood.  This refers to a special love that is apparent.  It comes from the word wud, which means expressing love through the act of giving: "And He is the Forgiving, The Loving." (Quran 85:14)
God’s love transcends all of the different types of love.  His love is greater than all worldly forms of love.  For example, a mother’s love, although selfless, is based on her internal need to love her child.  It completes her, and through her sacrifices she feels whole and fulfilled.  God is an independent Being who is self-sufficient and perfect; He does not require anything.  God’s love is not based on a need or want; it is therefore the purest form of love, because He gains absolutely nothing from loving us.
In this light, how can we not love the One who is more loving than anything we can imagine? The Prophet Muhammad, may God’s peace and blessings be upon him, said, "God is more affectionate to His servants than a mother to her children."[1]
If God is the most loving, and His love is greater than the greatest worldly love we have experienced, this should instil in us a deeper love for God.  Significantly, this should make us want to love Him by being one of His servants.  Al-Ghazali aptly said, "For those endowed with insight there is in reality no object of love but God, nor does anyone but He deserve love."[2]
From a spiritual perspective, God’s love is the greatest blessing anyone can ever achieve, as it is a source of internal tranquillity, serenity, and eternal bliss in the hereafter.  Not loving God is not only a form of ingratitude, but the greatest form of hate.  Not loving the One who is the source of love is a rejection of that which enables love to occur and fill our hearts.
God does not force His special love on us.  Although, by His mercy, He lovingly gives us every moment of our lives, to fully embrace God’s love and be recipients of His special love, one must enter into a relationship with Him.  It is as if God’s love is waiting for us to embrace it.  However, we have closed the door and put up the shutters.  We have kept the door shut by denying, ignoring and rejecting God.  If God were to force His special love on us, love would lose all meaning.  We have the choice: to follow the right path and thereby gain God’s special love, or reject His guidance and face the spiritual consequences.
The most loving Being wants to love you, but in order for you to embrace that love, and for it to be meaningful, you have to choose to love Him and follow the path that leads to His love.  This path is the Prophetic path of the Prophet Muhammad, may God’s peace and blessings be upon him.
"Say, [O Muhammad]: ‘If you love God, then follow me, [so] God will love you and forgive your sins.  And God is Forgiving and Merciful’." (Quran 3:31)

# 6 Worship is part of who we are

God is worthy of our worship because worship is part of who we are.  Just like our need to eat, drink and breathe, worship is an innate tendency.  From this perspective, we are natural-born worshippers, because that is who we are and it is our Divinely given purpose.  Worshipping God is a logical necessity, just as when we say a car is red.  It is red because we have defined that colour as red; it is red by definition.  Likewise, we are worshippers by definition, because God defined and made us that way: "I did not create the Jinn [spirit world], nor mankind, except to worship Me." (Quran 51:56)
Even people who do not believe in God, including those who reject the fact that He is entitled to worship, manifest signs of adoration, reverence and devotion.  If you do not worship God, you’ll still end up worshipping something.  From an Islamic perspective, the object that you love and revere the most, including whatever you attribute ultimate power to and believe you are ultimately dependent on, is essentially your object of worship.  For many people, this can include an ideology, a leader, a family member, and even your own self.  In other words, many people idolise these things.  Polytheism or idolatry is not just about praying to or bowing down in front of an object.
God is rooted in our innermost nature, and when God commands us to worship Him it is actually a mercy and act of love.  It is as if every human being has a hole in his or her heart.  This hole is not physical, it is spiritual, and it needs to be filled to achieve spiritual tranquillity.  We attempt to fill this hole with a new job, a holiday, a new house, a new car, a hobby, travel or taking up a popular self-help course.  However, every time we fill our hearts with these things, a new hole appears.  We are never truly satisfied, and after a while we seek something else to fill the spiritual void.  Yet, once we fill our hearts with the love of God, the hole remains permanently closed.  Thus, we feel at peace and experience a tranquillity that can never be put into words, and a serenity that is undisturbed by calamity. -islamreligion.com
FOOTNOTES:
[1]Narrated by Abu Dawud.
[2]Al-Ghazali.  (2011) Al-Ghazali on Love, Longing, Intimacy & Contentment, p.  23.





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Monday, 18 November 2019

THE LIFE AND TIMES OF THE COMPANION MUADH IBN JABAL

The-Life-and-Times-of-the-Companion-Muadh-Ibn-Jabal.jpgMuadh was a young man living in Medina when the city was still known as Yathrib. He was introduced to Islam by Musab ibn Umayr, the man Prophet Muhammad, may the peace and blessings of God be upon him, sent to Yathrib well before the mass migration of the Muslims from Mecca to Yathrib.  Musab was essentially Prophet Muhammad’s ambassador, and his mission was to teach a small group of believers who had pledged allegiance to Islam.  However, the light of Islam was spreading rapidly in Yathrib, and among those newcomers to the fledgling nation was Muadh ibn Jabal, a young man with dark eyes and black curly hair.
When Muadh was around 17 years of age, he was among the seventy-two people from Yathrib who journeyed to Mecca to meet Prophet Muhammad. At this time, the second Aqabah pledge was made, and Muadh was one of the believers who clasped the hands of Prophet Muhammad pledging allegiance to him, vowing to support and defend him at any cost. When Muadh returned to Yathrib, he, with others around his own age, formed a group to remove and destroy many idols around the city. As a consequence of this, a prominent man in Yathrib, Amr ibn al-Jumuh, embraced Islam.
About one year later, Prophet Muhammad took up residence in Yathrib, and Muadh tried to stay in his company as much as possible.  He listened carefully and tried to emulate the Prophet.  This behavior enabled Muadh to become very knowledgeable in all aspects of Islam.  His knowledge and eloquence became well known and respected, even though he was relatively young.
Prophet Muhammad recognized his knowledge and mentioned him often.  He said, "Learn the recitation of the Quran from four people, Ibn Masood, Salim, the freed slave of Hudhaifah, Ubayy, and Muadh ibn Jabal."[1]
In another saying, Muadh is mentioned among some of the most learned men in the history of Islam. "The most merciful person from my nation, to my nation is Abu Bakr; the sternest of them regarding God’s commands is Umar; the shyest is Uthman; the most knowledgeable regarding the recitation of the Quran is Ubayy ibn Kab; the most dutiful is Zaid ibn Thabit and the most knowledgeable of them as regards the permissible and the impermissible is Muadh ibn Jabal..."[2]
Among his many achievements, Muadh was one of six men who collected the Quran while Prophet Muhammad was still alive.[3]  Due to his vast knowledge, he was appointed to teach the Meccans that converted to Islam en masse after the liberation of Mecca.
After Prophet Muhammad had returned to Yathrib, now known as Medina, messengers came to him from Yemen. They informed him that many people in Yemen had become Muslim and requested that he send someone to teach and instruct them. Prophet Muhammad organized a group of missionaries and made Muadh their leader. A fitting task for the man who Prophet Muhammad called, the man who will lead the scholars into Paradise.
Prophet Muhammad’s advice to Muadh is still used today as a guide on introducing Islam to others.  Muadh was instructed to teach Islam in gradual steps, starting with the most important beliefs, the testimony of faith and monotheism, and moving on to the pillars of prayer and charity.
"Verily, you are coming to People of the Book, so call them to testify there is no deity but Allah and I am the Messenger of Allah. If they accept that, then teach them that God has obligated five prayers in each day and night. If they accept that, then teach them that God as obligated charity to be taken from the rich and given to the poor. If they accept that, beware not to take from the best of their wealth. Be on guard from the supplication of the oppressed, for there is no barrier between it and God."[4]
During the preparations for Muadh’s trip, he and Prophet Muhammad discussed how he (Muadh) would decide judgments and handle any disputes.  Muadh’s answer was concise and is considered best practice in any Islamic society. He replied, "‘I will refer to the Quran.’ The Prophet then asked, ‘What will you do if you do not find the decree you are looking for in the Quran?’ Muadh answered, ‘I will refer to your Sunnah.’ The Prophet then asked, ‘But what will you do if you do not find a decree even in my Sunnah?’ Muadh answered, ‘I will judge between people using reasoning.’"[5]
Both these sayings about Muadh’s journey to Yemen are very well known. The first explains how to call people to Islam, and the second explains how to judge between people and make rulings. Prophet Muhammad sent Muadh on his mission warning him that it might be the last time he saw him (Prophet Muhammad) alive.[6] Muadh wept and with a mixture of sadness and hope he left his beloved Prophet and went to live in Yemen, staying there for some years.
Muadh was known to be a generous man. He would regularly give all his money to anyone who needed help. In Yemen, he helped to shape a well-ordered Muslim community. One year, when Umar ibn al-Khattab was the leader of the Muslim nation, Muadh sent one-third of the charitable donations of Yemen to Medina. This action upset Umar, and he admonished Muadh, saying that he was sent to take from the rich and give to the poor, not to be a tax-collector. To this, Muadh replied, "I would not send you anything had I found someone to take it from me." The next year, Muadh sent half of the charity from Yemen for the same reason. And the year after that, he sent all of the charity from Yemen to Medina, saying that he did not find a single person in Yemen who was eligible for the collected charity.[7]
Later in Umar’s caliphate, Muadh was sent to Syria to advise and teach. When Abu Ubaidah, the governor of Syria and a close friend of Muadh’s, died, Umar ibn al-Khattab assigned Muadh to take his place as governor. Within a few months of his appointment, Muadh fell ill. It is said that when he understood that he was dying, he turned to face Mecca and said, "Welcome death, you are long-awaited and beloved."[8] - islamreligion.com
FOOTNOTES:
[1]Saheeh Bukhari
[2]Ibn Majah
[3]Saheeh Bukhari
[4]Saheeh Bukhari, Muslim and others.
[5]At-Tirmidhi
[6]Rijal Hawla Ar-Rasul (Men Around the Messenger). Khalid Muhammad Khalid.
[7]Narration 1912 (p. 710), (The Book of Revenue) Kitab al-Amal of Imam Abu Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Salam.
[8]Men Around the Messenger.

Friday, 15 November 2019

7 REASONS WHY GOD IS WORTHY OF WORSHIP (PART 4 OF 6)

# 3 God provides us with innumerable favours

"And if you should [try to] count the favours of God, you could not enumerate them.  Indeed mankind is [generally] most unjust and ungrateful." (Quran 14:34)
7-reason-why-God-is-worthy-of-worship-4.jpgWe should be eternally grateful to God because we could never thank Him for His blessings.  The heart is an appropriate example to illustrate this point.  The human heart beats around 100,000 times a day, which is approximately 37,000,000 times a year.  If we were to live up to the age of 75, the number of heartbeats would reach 2,759,400,000.  How many of us have even counted that number of heartbeats? No one ever has.  It is actually impossible to count that many heartbeats.  Firstly, for the first few years of your life you cannot count.  Already there’s a few years of backlog.  Secondly, you cannot count your heartbeats while you are sleeping.  To be able to count a lifetime’s worth of heartbeats, you would have had to start counting each heartbeat from the day you were born and while you were asleep.  This would interfere with your ability to live a normal life, as you would always be counting every time your heart started a new beat.  As a practical matter it is impossible.  However, every heartbeat is precious to us.  Anyone of us would sacrifice a mountain of gold to ensure that our hearts function properly to keep us alive.  Yet we forget and deny the One who created our hearts and enables them to function.  This illustration forces us to conclude that we must be grateful to God, and gratitude is a form of worship.  The above discussion just refers to heartbeats, so imagine the gratitude we must express for all the other blessings God has given us.  From this perspective anything other than a heartbeat is a bonus.  God has given us favours we cannot enumerate, and if we could count them we would have to thank Him for the ability to do so.

# 4 If we love ourselves, we must love God

Loving God is a fundamental aspect of worship.  There are many types of love and one of these includes self-love.  This occurs due to the desire to prolong our existence, feel pleasure and avoid pain, as well as the need to satisfy our human needs and motivations.  We all have this natural love for ourselves because we want to be happy and content.  The psychologist Erich Fromm argued that loving oneself is not a form of arrogance or egocentricity.  Rather, self-love is about caring, taking responsibility and having respect for ourselves.  This type of love is necessary in order to love others.  If we cannot love ourselves, how then can we love other people? There is nothing closer to us than our own selves; if we cannot care for and respect ourselves, how then can we care for and respect others? Loving ourselves is a form of ‘self-empathy’.  We connect with our own feelings, thoughts and aspirations.  If we cannot connect with our own selves, how then can we empathise and connect with others? Eric Fromm echoes this idea by saying that love "implies that respect for one’s own integrity and uniqueness, love for an understanding of one’s own self, cannot be separated from respect and love and understanding for another individual."[1]
If a person’s love for himself is necessary, this should lead him to love the One who made him.  Why? Because God created the physical causes and means for human beings to achieve happiness and pleasure, and avoid pain.  God has freely given us every precious moment of our existence, yet we do not earn or own these moments.  The great theologian Al-Ghazali aptly explains that if we love ourselves we must love God:
"Therefore, if man’s love for himself be necessary, then his love for Him through whom, first his coming-to-be, and second, his continuance in his essential being with all his inward and outward traits, his substance and his accidents, occur must also be necessary.  Whoever is so besotted by his fleshy appetites as to lack this love neglects his Lord and Creator.  He possesses no authentic knowledge of Him; his gaze is limited to his cravings and to things of sense."[2]

# 5 God is The-Loving, and His love is the purest form of love

God is The-Loving.  He has the purest form of love.  This should make anyone want to love Him, and loving Him is a key part of worship.  Imagine if I were to tell you that there was this person who was the most loving person ever, and that no other love could match his love; wouldn’t that instil a strong desire to get to know this person, and eventually love him too? God’s love is the purest and most intense form of love; therefore, any sane person would want to love him too.
Given that the English word for love encompasses a range of meanings, the best way to elaborate on the Islamic conception of God’s love is to look into the actual Quranic terms used to describe Divine love: His mercy (rahmah), His special mercy (raheem) and His special love (muwadda).  By understanding these terms and how they relate to the Divine nature, our hearts will learn to love God.
Mercy
It is said that another word for love is mercy.  One of God’s names is The-Merciful; the Arabic word used is Ar-Rahmaan.  This English translation does not fully represent the depth and intensity that the meaning of this word carries.  The name Ar-Rahmaan has three major connotations: the first is that God’s mercy is an intense mercy; the second is that His mercy is an immediate mercy; and the third is a mercy so powerful that nothing can stop it.  God’s mercy encompasses all things and He prefers guidance for people.  In God’s book, the Quran, He says,
"…but My mercy encompasses all things…." (Quran 7:156)
"It is the Lord of Mercy who taught the Quran." (Quran 5:1 & 2)
In the above verse, God says He is The-Merciful, which can be understood as the "Lord of Mercy", and that He taught the Quran.  This is a linguistic indication to highlight that the Quran was revealed as a manifestation of God’s mercy.  In other words, the Quran is like one big love-letter to humanity.  As with true love, the one who loves wants good for the beloved, and warns them of pitfalls and obstacles, and shows them the way to happiness.  The Quran is no different: it calls out to humanity, and it also warns and expresses glad tidings. - islamreligion.com
FOOTNOTES:
[1]Fromm, E.  (1956).  The Art of Loving.  New York: Harper & Row, pp.  58-59.
[2]Al-Ghazali.  (2011) Al-Ghazali on Love, Longing, Intimacy & Contentment.  Translated with an introduction and notes by Eric Ormsby.  Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society, p.  25





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