What Is the Importance of Qiyam-ul-Layl?

 

The expression “Qiyam Al-Layl” is derived from the Quran for what is also known as Tahajjud prayer.

Tahajjud is preferably offered after midnight, but before fajr.

During the month of Ramadan, stay awake, standing in long prayers, striving to get closer to Allah. The occasion of such long prayers is known as Qiyam Al-Layl.

Virtues of Qiyam Al-Layl:

The Quran says what means:

{And as for the night, keep awake a part of it as an additional prayer for you: soon will your Lord raise you to a station of praise and glory!} (Al-Israa’ 17:79)

This was a command directly addressed to the Prophet (peace be upon him), but it is also meant for his followers to adopt these special prayers, as additional prayers of devotion to Allah.

In the Quran, Allah speaks of such devotees who pray at night:

{They arise from [their] beds; they supplicate their Lord in fear and aspiration, and from what We have provided them, they spend.} (As-Sajdah 32:16)

This verse and those like it make obvious reference to Qiyam Al-Layl.

In addition, the Prophet said:

Keep up Qiyam Al-Layl. It was the way of the virtuous who came before you, it draws you nearer to your Lord, atones for your sins, forbids you from evil and protects the body from sickness. (At-Tirmidhi)

Aishah, the wife of the Prophet (peace be upon him) reported that he used to keep standing so long in night prayers that the skin of his feet would crack.

When asked, why he did this while all his past and future sins were forgiven, he said:

Should I not be a grateful slave of Allah? (Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

Abu Hurayrah reported that the Prophet (peace be upon him) has said:

The best of prayers, after the prescribed prayers, is prayer in the depths of the night, and the best of fasting after the month of Ramadan is fasting the month of Allah, Muharram. (Muslim)

According to Amr ibn Absah, the Prophet (peace be upon him) has said:

The time when the closest the Lord is to His slave is in the later part of the night, so if you can be one of those who remember Allah at that time, then do so. (At-Tirmidhi)

Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) preferred to go to sleep early, after isha prayer. The reason was to avoid sleeping too long, for fear of missing fajr prayer or Qiyam Al-Layl.

Also, Umar ibn al-Khatab used to urge people to sleep early, so that they would not miss Qiyam Al-Layl.

Connecting our Hearts With Allah

Qiyam Al-Layl is an act of worship that connects the heart to Allah and enables it to overcome the temptations of life and to strive against one’s own self, at the time when voices are stilled, eyes are closed in sleep, and sleepers are tossing and turning in their beds.

Therefore, Qiyam Al-Layl is one of the measures of sincere determination and one of the qualities of those who have great ambitions.

Allah has praised them and distinguished them from others in the Quran:

{Is one who is obedient to Allah, prostrating himself or standing [in prayer] during the hours of the night, fearing the Hereafter and hoping for the mercy of his Lord [like one who disbelieves]? Say: ‘Are those who know equal to those who know not?’ It is only men of understanding who will remember.} (Az-Zumar 39:9)

Qiyam Al-Layl is a sunnah mu’akkadah (confirmed habit of the Prophet, recommended to be followed), which he (peace be upon him) urged us to do when he said:

You should pray Qiyam Al-Layl, for it is the habit of the righteous people who came before you, and it will bring you closer to your Lord, will expiate for bad deeds, prevent sin and expel disease from the body. (At-Tirmidhi and Ahmad)He (peace be upon him) always had the habit of praying Qiyam Al-Layl, and never gave it up, whether he was traveling or staying at home.

Women Too

Among the pious ladies of the old times too, we read of many who were very keen to pray Qiyam Al-Layl. Anas ibn Malik reported that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:

Jibreel said to me, ‘Go back to Hafsah, for she fasts a lot and prays a lot at night (Qiyam Al-Layl).’ (Al-Hakim)

Muadhah al-Adawiyah, one of the righteous women physicians spent her wedding night, along with her husband, Silah ibn Ashyam, praying until dawn.

Then, when her husband and son were killed, she would spend the whole night in prayer, worshiping and beseeching Allah. Then, she would sleep during the day. If she felt sleepy whilst she was praying at night, she would tell herself: “O soul, there is plenty of sleep ahead of you.”

The above sayings and anecdotes of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and his early followers clearly illustrate the importance of Qiyam Al-Layl.

It tells us about the boundless blessings Allah would bestow on us, if we care to spend the few hours of the night in prayerful worship of our All-Merciful Lord.

May Allah bless us to be His sincere devotees, to merit His rewards here and hereafter!

- aboutislam.net

About Professor Shahul Hameed

Professor Shahul Hameed is an Islamic consultant. He also held the position of the President of the Kerala Islamic Mission, Calicut, India. He is the author of three books on Islam published in the Malayalam language. His books are on comparative religion, the status of women, and science and human values.

What Duaa to Make on Laylat Al-Qadr?

 

The best duaa to make on Laylat Al-Qadr is that which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) taught Lady Aishah.

It was narrated that Aishah (may Allah Almighty be pleased with her) said, “I said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, if I know which night is Laylat Al-Qadr, what should I say on that night?’ He said, ‘Say: Allaahumma innaka `afuwwun tuhibb al-`afwa fa`affu `anni (O Allah, You are forgiving and You love forgiveness, so forgive me).’” (At-Tirmidhi)

Laylat Al-Qadr: The Most Special Night of Ramadan

As we approach the last 10 nights of Ramadan, we search the sky for the most blessed night of them all: Laylat Al-Qadr.

What is so special about this night? This was the night in which the Quran revelation started (over a time span of 23 years) to Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him).

Allah says what means:

{Verily! We have sent it [the Quran] down on the Night of Decree (Laylat Al-Qadr). And what will make you know what the Night of Decree is? The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months. Therein descend the angels and the ruh [Gabriel] by Allah’s Permission with all decrees. Peace […] until the break of dawn.} (Quran 97:1-5)

What Duaa to Make on Laylat Al-Qadr?

The best duaa to make on Laylat Al-Qadr is that which the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) taught Lady Aishah.

It was narrated that Aishah (may Allah Almighty be pleased with her) said, “I said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, if I know which night is Laylat Al-Qadr, what should I say on that night?’ He said, ‘Say: Allaahumma innaka `afuwwun tuhibb al-`afwa fa`affu `anni (O Allah, You are forgiving and You love forgiveness, so forgive me).’” (At-Tirmidhi)

Feel free to make other duaa as well. You can prepare a list of things that have been lingering on your mind. Open up your heart to Almighty and ease your chest of that load.

Abundant Rewards

Allah says what means:

{The Night of Decree (Laylat Al-Qadr) is better than a thousand months.} (Quran 97:3)

Worshipping Allah on Laylat al-Qadr is better than 1000 months! This means that all the hard work you will do on this night of qiyam, reading the Quran, duaa, charity, etc. would be worthy of more than “83 years” of worship! O Allah your blessings are endless.

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Whoever stays up and prays on Laylat Al-Qadr out of faith and in the hope of reward, his previous sins will be forgiven.”(Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

Don’t miss out on getting your sins erased and the abundant rewards that await you from this blessed night.

Seek it on The Odd Nights?

Aishah (May Allah be pleased with her) reported:

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, “Seek Lailat Al-Qadr (Night of Decree) in the odd nights out of the last ten nights of Ramadan.” (Al-Bukhari).

Laylat Al-Qadr is most likely to be sought in the odd nights of the last ten days of Ramadan: the night of the twenty-first, the twenty-third, the twenty-fifth, the twenty-seventh, and the twenty-ninth.

Specifically, the night of the 27th. An-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 

The hadith of Ubayy ibn Ka‘b says that he used to swear that it was the night of the twenty-seventh, but this is one of several opinions concerning it.

May Allah bestow upon us the honor to be amongst those who witness Laylat Al-Qadr. Ameen.

And Allah knows best.

I hope this helps.

- aboutislam.net

About Suzana Nabil Saad, MA

Suzana Nabil Saad is a Community Manager and a Live Chat Agent at aboutislam.net. She previously worked as an editor for Ask About Islam and has written more than 30 articles. She has many years of experience in outreach and holds an Ijazah in Quran recitation.She holds a Bachelor’s Degree in English from the Faculty of Languages, Ain Shams University, Egypt. She obtained her Master’s Degree of Arts in English Literature from Gothenburg University, Sweden.She currently resides in Cairo, Egypt with her husband and three kids. She loves reading, hiking and traveling.

Which Night is Laylatul Qadr?

 

What can make you know what the Night of Alqadr is (Quran 97:2)

We don’t know which night Laylatul Qadr is. Some people are looking for it all the time. Maybe it was this night, maybe it was that night.

I admit I’ve done this thing in the past as well. But I’ve changed my mind on this recently. And the reason why is I believed we should be looking for Laylatul Qadr in all these final 10 nights. Like we’re told to do.

Allah is Al-Hakeem (the Most Wise). There is wisdom in Allah’s keeping to himself exactly which night Laylatul Qadr is. Why? Because as human beings we are too lazy.

If you know that you can go to a certain shop, a certain market and you are going to be able to buy exactly what you want from that market. Are you going to go to other markets, to look around and make the effort? Or are you just going to go to the market where you want that particular thing?

I know your answer. You’re gonna just go to the market where you want that particular thing because you can’t be bothered to go around lots of different places. Because it’s a pain. Allah has made it ambiguous, unclear which night Laylatul Qadr is so that me and you will keep making that effort on every single one of those last 10 nights.

- aboutislam,net

About Ustadha Ameena Blake

From Sheffield, UK; Ustadha Ameena Blake embraced Islam in 1992. Her academic qualifications include undergraduate in English Studies, Post Graduate in teaching, MSc in Leadership and Management and MA in Islamic Studies.Ameena has been active since 1994 having studied under various shuyukh and academics including Dr Jamal Badawi, Sh Abdul Aziz Atiq (Yemen), Sh Faisal Manjoo, Dr Atullah Siddiqui and others. Roles have included Vice President of MAB, Assistant Secretary General of the MCB and Head teacher of a girl’s Islamic school. She is founding director of the EHUK women’s refuge project and is a lecturer at Markfield Institute of Higher Education. She also sits on Mosque boards and is an Islamic advisor on Halal Guide.Ustadha Ameena lectures about Islam nationally and internationally and has appeared at conferences, fundraisers and events across the globe.Her topics include tazkiyah, women in the Quran, dawah and Seerah and others. She delivers regular live interactive lectures on Facebook and has appeared on channels including Channel 4, Sky TV, The Islam channel, BBC radio, Iqraa TV and others.

5 Steps to Catch Blessings of Laylat Al-Qadr

 

What exactly are we supposed to be doing about Laylat Al-Qadr? The Qur’an describes Laylat Al-Qadr, aka the Night of Power as:

“…better than a thousand months. The angels and the Spirit descend therein by permission of their Lord for every matter. Peace it is until the emergence of dawn.”

(Al-Qadr 97:3-5)

Any acts of worship – prayer, charity, reading the Qur’an, etc. – we do on this special night are better than if we had done them every night for a thousand months.

The thing to really aim for is to have all your sins removed:

Whoever stands (in prayer) in Laylat Al-Qadr while nourishing his faith with self-evaluation, expecting reward from Allah, will have all of his previous sins forgiven.” -the Messenger as narrated by Abu Huraira (Bukhari and Muslim).

Laylat Al-Qadr is a great night of opportunity for every Muslim. Here’s how to reap some of the barakah (blessings) of the night.

1 – Find the Exact Night

First thing to do is try to best calculate the night Laylat Al-Qadr falls on, especially if you won’t be able to participate in all ten nights of increased worship.

The Night of Power falls on an odd-dated night on the Islamic calendar, as in Ramadan 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th or 29th.

Plan to make your supplications and other chosen acts of worship especially on those nights.

Young Muslim woman praying in mosque with Quran.

2- Getting the Most Effect

If you can take time away from your regular schedule and dedicate yourself to these ten nights – do it!

I`tikaf – the practice of retreating to the mosque for focused worship – can be practiced for as little as one hour and ideally up to all ten days at the end of Ramadan.

Spend as many nights as you can in i`tikaf, and for as many hours as you can.

3 – How to Practice I`tikaf

1- Be disciplined. Don’t dawdle; focus your energy and time on completing as many acts of worship as possible from Taraweeh until you have your pre-dawn meal.

2- After Taraweeh, recite the Quran, connecting to and pondering over its meaning, make your personal supplications as well as the du‘aa’ of Laylat Al-Qadr, and have a sincere dialogue with Allah. Open yourself to Him honestly and fully.

3– Take short breaks to hydrate yourself.

4– Pray the nafl salah – optional or extra prayers.

5– Be sure to pray tahajjud before it is time for you to eat.

6– Give charity. You can use an app or one of the many crowdfunding sources that are seeking charity during this blessed time.

7– Be kind and on your best behavior all around.

*There is a special dua to be said during the final ten days of Ramadan, with the hopes it will be said and answered on Laylat Al-Qadr.

Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said:

“I asked the Messenger of Allah: ‘O Messenger of Allah, if I know what night is the night of Qadr, what should I say during it?’ He said: ‘Say: O Allah, You are pardoning and You love to pardon, so pardon me.'”(Ahmad, Ibn Majah, & Tirmidhi).

In Arabic transliteration, you can say:

Allahumma innaka `afuwwun tuhibbul `afwa fa`fu `annee”

If you are feeling overwhelmed about how to prepare for the Night of Power, at the very least:

4 – Make Your Ultimate Du‘aa’ List

What are the things you most want in life? Short-term and long-term Reach big and far, why not? That’s what prayers are about.

During the last ten nights of Ramadan, especially the odd-dated days, pray sincerely for everything on your list, then do your part and take any steps you can to reach your goals.

5 -Let’s do it again!

Insha’Allah, you will feel some of the elation of participating in the final ten days, hopefully on Laylat Al-Qadr too.

Give your future self a gift and be even better prepared to reap the benefits of the final ten days of next Ramadan. Plan big and follow through on your end of the prayers you have made this Ramadan.

- aboutislam.net

What is Laylatul Qadr and What to Do in It?

 

We usually work on getting ready for big events that have significant impact on our lives.

A major event is about to take place in the last 10 nights of the blessed month of Ramadan: the arrival of Laylatul Qadr (the Night of Power, Destiny or Decree).

It is called this because of the power of this night and the fact that our destiny is decreed in this night.

Allah Almighty informed us about this night in Chapter 97 of the Quran, Surat Al Qadr (Chapter of Decree).

He Almighty says:

{Indeed, We sent the Quran down during the Night of Decree. And what can make you know what is the Night of Decree? The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months. The angels and the Spirit descend therein by permission of their Lord for every matter. Peace it is until the emergence of dawn.} (97:1-5)

Based on what we can learn from Surat Al-Qadr about this night and what we should do in it:

The Quran & The Reward

1- The Quran was descended in this night as Allah told us in the Sura (chapter).

So this night is about honoring and appreciating the revelation of the Noble Quran, This Blessed Book of Light & Guidance from The Merciful Creator.

2- The Quran is a major gift. So, read the Quran throughout this night with the intention of seeking wisdom, connecting with Allah, understanding of life and what’s beyond it.

Don’t just go through the pages of the Quran casually. Enjoy one page at a time or even one line at a time, reading tafseer (exegesis) like tafseer Ibn Katheer for example, along with it. 

3- Remember that Allah the Exalted said that Laylatul Qadr is better than 1000 months.

This means that your worship, dua (supplication), Quran reading/memorizing and all the beautiful acts you’re going to do in this night would count for more/better than “83 years” of worship.

One night is worth more than an entire life time of worship. So, it’s a huge generosity from Allah, and we need to seize this opportunity.

Angels Fill the Earth

4- In Laylatul Qadr an incredible number of angels descend upon the earth. They are magnificent creatures of Allah, they are the ones that help the believers by Allah’s permission.

They love those who are faithful and obedient to Him.

They realize the Might and Power of Allah and they salute the human beings who refrain from disobedience and instead choose to obey Allah and discipline themselves to worship and be humble servants of their Creator.

May Allah make us among them!

5- The angels take Allah’s permissions to come see His obedient servants on earth and say salutation of peace unto them until dawn, as the verse says “Peace it is until the emergence of dawn”.

They go to every single believer and say “salam” (peace).

6- Angel Jibreel (Gabriel), the mighty and noble angel of Allah who was ordered by the Allah to reveal the Quran to Prophet Muhammad comes down in Layaltul Qadr along with the angels to see us and see those who’ve been committed to the Quran.

Until this day, the same angel who revealed the Quran, by Allah’s will, to the Prophet descends again on earth in Laylatul Qadr when the Quran is being recited and honored by the believers.

A Very Special Night

7- Remember that Allah decrees our destiny for the rest of the year during this night.

So, your duaa (supplication) could have a huge impact on what will be decreed for you throughout this year. Don’t underestimate the power of duaa this night.

8- We should ask Allah this night to teach us the Quran and help us understand it and understand its beauty and wisdom.

9- Sit quietly in peace and make duaa, lots of duaa, and tell Allah everything you want.

Tell Him about every bad thing you did, tell Him you regret them, tell Him about every good thing you want to do in your life, tell Him that you have the intention of being better for yourself and your family and the ummah and humanity.

Tell Him to help you come closer to Him. Just speak to Him. And enjoy it.

10- Enjoy this night. Enjoy the peace when you’re alone with Allah Glorified be He.

Stay up throughout the last 10 nights of Ramadan.

Make time for Quran reading, make time for some tafseer, make time for some memorization, even the short suras (chapters), make time for having the angels of Allah see you in a condition of obedience, peace, beauty, and connection with Allah.

And remind your friends and family of all that.

- aboutislam.net

About Dina Mohamed Basiony

Dina Mohamed Basiony is a writer based in Cairo, Egypt. She specializes in Islam and spirituality. Dina holds an MA and BA in Journalism and Mass Communication from the American University in Cairo.

Ramadan’s Last 10 Nights: Checklist for Your Family

 

We have entered the precious last 10 nights of Ramadan. Ibn Qayyim said:

“The month of Ramadan is superior to all other months, and the last ten nights are superior to the other nights.”

This is the best time for us to reap massive amounts of rewards, which we all need.

The last ten nights are a great way to bond as a family and teach your children some valuable lessons in life. 

Here is a checklist of everything you and your family need to prepare for those superior ten nights!

1.  Set Your Intention

As with anything we do in Islam, it is an absolute must that we set our intention for those last ten nights. Make sure your heart is in the right place.

Ask Allah to let you and your family be successful during the coming nights. Encourage your children to do the same. 

2. Night Prayers as Family Activity 

Praying Taraweeh as well as tahajjud prayers brings huge rewards. Turn the night prayers into a family activity.

If your children are still young and ‘Isha time is quite late, like in Canada, this can be something to do on the weekends.

Take them to the mosque with you so they can pray beside you and feel the connection with Allah.

For daily prayers, make sure you pray together as a family so each member feels included and connected spiritually as well.

3. Read More Quran Together 

InshAllah, you have been reading the Quran every day up until now. However, in the last ten nights, read more.

Have a family Quran circle: Allocate a set time each day when you all take turns reading some surahs.

If you want a bit of fun while reaping the maximum benefit, you can also have a family competition to see who can read the most: This will encourage your children to pick up the Quran more! 

4. Make a Dua List and Increase Supplication

Ramadan is the month of blessings and mercy. It is the perfect chance to ask Allah for anything, especially forgiveness.

In the last ten days, sit with your children and draw up a dua list together.

Teach them how beneficial dua is and that Allah listens to all of our requests.

Also remember the most famous dua Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) used to say and teach it to your children:

“O Allah, You are pardoning. You love to forgive, so forgive me.”

Sunan At-Tirmidhi, 3513.

5. Give More Sadaqah

This doesn’t have to necessarily be financial. You can have a family cooking session together and invite extended family or friends for iftar.

You can ask your children to sort out some of their toys to give away to charity, as well as their clothes that no longer fit them.

You can go to the park or river and feed the birds together as a family activity.

You can take your children with you when you check on elderly neighbors and relatives to make sure that they are OK and your children can help carry out chores for them. 

If you are financially able, set aside a certain amount to donate to charity each day.

You can encourage your children to donate some of their allowances to charity.

There are so many Islamic charities out there; let them choose the appeal they wish.

All of these activities will teach your children how to be kind and generous, and how we should take care of others in need.

Remember: leading by example instills important lifelong values.

6. Get Your Family Involved 

Make this a family time. Make sure your children are aware of why these last ten nights are so precious and rewarding.

If you live near your parents, spend time praying and eating iftar together. Do good deeds as a family unit.

You will equip your children with lifelong lessons about kindness, helping others, and the beautiful gift that is family.

Ramadan goes by so fast. Don’t let those ten days of Ramadan go by without making as much effort as possible.

It is so important to get your family involved so that they can understand the significance of these nights and you can earn rewards together as a family. Allah says in the Quran: 

Indeed, We sent the Qur’an down during the Night of Decree. And what can make you know what is the Night of Decree? The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months.(Al-Qadr 97:1-3).

(Al-Qadr 97:1-3).

- aboutislam.net

About Nichola Taylor

Nichola Taylor, BA (HONS) European Studies, mother, student of Islamic Studies.

Can Women Perform Itikaf at Home?

 

According to the majority of scholars, itikaf is a sunnah (a deed recommended by the Prophet) that can be performed any time throughout the year, yet it is more desirable during the last 10 days of Ramadan. However, if a Muslim vows to perform i`tikaf, he or she is obliged to fulfill that vow.

Some scholars hold the view that it is permissible to perform itikaf for a short period of time, even one or two hours, with the intention of getting closer to Almighty Allah.

The Malikis, Shafi`is, and Hanbalis are of the view that it is not permissible for a woman to perform i`tikaf in her own musalla (Prayer room) at home. They cite Allah’s saying, “And touch them not, but be at your devotions in the mosques [i.e. while being in the state of i`tikaf]. ” (Al-Baqarah 2:187).

They also refer to the incident where Abdullah Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) was asked about a woman who vowed to perform itikaf in her own musalla at home. He then (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “This is a bid`ah [innovation in religion], and the most odious act in the sight of Allah is introducing innovations [to the religion]. Hence, there is no itikaf except in the mosque, where the (five) Prayers are performed.”

The musalla at home cannot be regarded as a mosque, whether in reality or when a Shar`i ruling is established. Moreover, if this act was permissible, the Mothers of the Believers (i.e., the Prophet’s wives) would have performed it even once.

On the other hand, the Hanafis hold the opinion that it is permissible for women to perform itikaf in their own musalla at home. They opine that the place of itikaf for women is that preferred by them when they perform their daily Prayers, because, unlike men’s Prayer, women’s Prayer at home is better than their Prayer in the mosque.

Accordingly, the place of itikaf for women should be their own musalla at home. Abu Hanifah and Ath-Thawri stated, “She [i.e., a woman] can perform itikaf in her own musalla at home. It is better for her to do so, as her Prayer at home is better than [her Prayer] in the mosque.”

Also, it was narrated that Abu Hanifah said that it is not acceptable for a woman to perform i`tikaf in the mosque, where congregational Prayers are held, as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) abandoned the itikaf in the mosque when he saw the tents of his wives pitched inside the mosque; he then said to them, “Is it righteousness that you intended by doing so?“

In addition, as a woman’s own musalla at home is the most preferred place for her to offer Prayers; hence, her place of itikaf [(which is the musalla]) is like the mosque for men where men are to perform itikaf.

Accordingly, we see that women can perform itikaf in the mosque, as the mosque is the best place for devotion to worship and remembrance of Allah — unlike the house, which does not have the spiritual atmosphere of the mosque. However, if a woman’s husband does not want her to perform itikaf in the mosque or she has young children to take care of, she is allowed to perform itikaf in her own musalla at home.

According to some scholars, such a woman’s itikaf at home can be intermittent; that is, she can come out of her musalla and move in her house or go out if she needs to do so.

Finally, if a woman has a sincere desire to please Almighty Allah, she should know that the reward of fulfilling the rights and needs of her husband and children can be equal to, and even greater than, that of itikaf. That is the grace of Almighty Allah, which He bestows on whom He wills, and Allah is the Enricher and All Aware.

Allah Almighty knows best.

- aboutislam.net

About R. A. Mleeh

Professor of Islamic Studies at Kolej Universiti Insaniah